K近傍法(K Nearest Neighbors)は、さっくり言うと、「回帰や分類を行う際に、似たようなデータをk個集めてそれらの多数決から目的とする値を求める」という手法です。

K-means clustering aims to partition n observations into K clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as a prototype of the cluster.

Logistic regression is used to describe data and to explain the relationship between one dependent binary variable and one or more nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio-level independent variables.

Linear regression is a linear model, e.g. a model that assumes a linear relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). More specifically, that output variable (y) can be calculated from a linear combination of the input variables (x)